The notion of financial sciences covers quite a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines. The most obvious are public finance, corporate finance, capital and money markets, banking and accountancy. Therefore, to make the structure more clear, we divided the contents of previous volumes of our journal into several parts with their own subtitles. However, more and more issues appeared that could not be attributed to any of these “classic” branches, like virtual money, personal finance, or interdisciplinary problems. We decided therefore to present the contents of this issue of Financial Sciences in the alphabetical order of the authors’ names. The reader will notice that most of the articles included in this volume go far beyond the standard classification. An obvious reason is that almost any human public activity has some financial aspects, and this is clearly reflected in all the articles published here. It is my honour and pleasure to thank all the authors for their creative contribution to the contents of this volume, as well as the referees for their efforts to maintain the already acknowledged scientific level of our journal. I hope that the reading of the articles presented here will bring some interesting insights into the current state of the evolution of the financial sciences. Ewa Bogacka-Kisiel

The 2021 issue of Financial Science. Nauki o finansach comprises five new papers. The variety of topics results, on the one hand, from the interest in fundamental, timeless issues, but on the other hand, it is a mirror of current challenges in finance. Marcin Bielicki took up the subject of performance measurement methods used by public venture capital funds, which at the same time try to satisfy the often-conflicting needs of private and public investors. The author conducted in-depth interviews and a survey among the managers of these entities. The paper shows that the greatest emphasis is placed on financial efficiency, while non-financial determinants are largely ignored. Ewa Blaszke reviewed the most important publications on institutional investors’ transactions in stock markets. Despite several decades of research, it is still not clear how the transactions carried out by these investors affect stock price volatility. Although it is a common claim that their managers observe their actions and imitate each other, the results of empirical studies do not settle this question. This paper examines the most relevant theoretical premise regarding the influence of institutional investors on stock prices. Anna Dada investigated whether there were joint-stock companies listed on the FSE between 2000-2017 that paid regular dividends. The author compares the dividend companies and other companies concerning the direction of their cash flows. The conclusions may be useful for managers of listed companies when they plan their dividend policy. It should be supported by rational cash flow management. Željka Kadlec, Marija Žunić, Marijana Lovrenović looked at economic indicators that reflect the effects of the pandemic in countries such as Italy, Germany, Russia, China, and Croatia. Special attention was paid to the intercultural characteristics of these countries (intercultural communication, intercultural competence, intercultural sensitivity, and intercultural conflicts). Silvana Secinaro, Valerio Brescia, Aurelio Secinaro, Davide Calandra aimed to determine a methodology on the issue of costing systems and costing methods applicable to all health services carried out on a large scale that by their nature have a limited variability of resources. The authors used the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method which can be useful for healthcare managers to evaluate the level of costs and to compare the internal results with the reimbursement tariffs from the national health service. Richard Van Horne used two models, a lagged-effects model, and a serial correlation model. He identified potential liquidity risk in hedge fund portfolios. The author found that much of what passes for fund Alpha in a multi-factor risk model lacking a liquidity risk factor is actually a compensation for bearing liquidity risk in the context of a model that includes the innovative liquidity risk factor. This result has implications for both pre-investment due diligence and manager selection as well as post-investment fund performance evaluation and risk management. We are sure that you will find the whole issue of real interest

„Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne” są jednym z nielicznych w kraju wydawnictw ciągłych, koncentrujących uwagę na problematyce wspólnej dla środowisk ekonomicznych i prawniczych. Na ich łamach wypowiadają się wybitni krajowi przedstawiciele nauk ekonomicznych i prawniczych (blisko 80 profesorów i doktorów habilitowanych), a ponadto debiutujący, utalentowani młodzi pracownicy nauki z terenu całego kraju, są więc wydawnictwem par excellence naukowym. Zasięg oddziaływania czasopisma jest zdecydowanie ponadregionalny. Docierają one nie tylko do środowisk naukowych w całym kraju, ale i do przedstawicieli praktyki, zarówno gospodarczej, jak i obejmującej radców prawnych oraz sądownictwo. Świadczy o tym ogólne zainteresowanie wydawnictwem oraz pozyskiwanie przez Redakcję coraz to nowych autorów, chętnych do publikacji swoich artykułów. W ostatnich latach „Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne” goszczą na swoich łamach osoby rozpoczynające swoją karierę zawodową w innych ośrodkach akademickich. Są także jedną z ważniejszych pozycji wymiany międzybibliotecznej.